Furthermore, the use of antibody-coated micas allows for the selection of a particular population of EVs giving information on present surface antigens in a physiological environment ( Citation17). To overcome the limitations of the above techniques, the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) was proposed as a more accurate technique to measure the EVs ( Citation16). DLS provides a size distribution but no biological information (i.e. Electron microscopy techniques are suitable for EVs visualisation but the pre-analytical steps associated with these techniques may lead to alteration of the EVs. Other more specific methods include DLS (dynamic light scattering), SEM (scanning electron microscopy) or TEM (transmission electron microscopy) ( Citation14, Citation15). Exosomes are small vesicles (300 nm and size calibration issues ( Citation13). The floppase and the scramblase enzymes are activated and the flippase is inhibited which leads to the loss of the cell membrane asymmetry. This increase in intracytoplasmic calcium concentration weakens the membrane stability. They are vesicles budding from the membrane after an activating or apoptotic stimulus that increases the calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum ( Citation1, Citation2). Microvesicles (MVs) are small entities defined by a size inferior to 1 µm.
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